Abstract
Governance at the local level involves challenges in terms of structure, organization, participation and collaboration. This essay aims to delve into relevant topics that explain the complexity of governance at the local level. We will address issues related to the structure and organization of governance systems, as well as fragmentation, fiscal decentralization and competition. Then, citizen participation and democratic innovation are discussed. Finally, considering the dilemmas about collaboration between institutions at different levels of governance, we seek to understand the contributions of the framework of institutional collective action.
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