THE DAOIST THOUGHT OF WU WEI – ACTION THROUGH NON-ACTION AND ITS INFLUENCE IN VIETNAM

Abstract

This article systematically investigates the Daoist concept of “Wu wei – Action through non-action” (無為), rooted in ancient Chinese philosophy, especially through two canonical texts: the 道德经 – Dao De Jing by 老子 – Lǎo Zǐ and the 南华经 – Nan Hua Jing by 庄子 – Zhuāng Zǐ. Within its original philosophical context, Wu wei – Action through non-action does not imply passivity or inaction, but rather denotes a way of acting by the natural order (Dao), rejecting coercive force and excessive intervention, while emphasizing humility, self-regulation, and harmony with all beings. It represents a profound form of practical wisdom with both ontological and ethical implications. Based on an analysis of this ideological system, the article further explores the process of cultural adaptation and influence of Wu wei – Action through non-action within Vietnam’s historical and cultural context, from the period of Chinese domination to the Lý–Trần dynasties, and into the spiritual and political traditions of Vietnamese intellectuals. The concept also permeates folk beliefs, vernacular literature, and philosophies of governance. In this process, Wu wei – Action through non-action was localized and synthesized into a distinctive Vietnamese mode of ethical-political conduct, integrating ideals of tranquility, moral autonomy, and social harmony. The article argues that in Vietnamese culture, Wu wei – Action through non-action is not merely a metaphysical concept, but also a symbol of humanistic value, shaping indigenous patterns of thought and moral life, and continuing to hold relevance for modern Vietnamese society.