ADAPTING MONTESQUIEU: THE INTEGRATION OF SEPARATION OF POWERS INTO VIETNAM’S SOCIALIST GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK

Abstract

This paper explores the profound impact of Montesquieu’s political philosophy, particularly his theory of the separation of powers, on modern governance structures worldwide. Montesquieu’s seminal concept of dividing government authority into legislative, executive, and judicial branches is foundational to contemporary democratic systems, aiming to prevent power concentration and safeguard liberties. Beyond the historical context of 18th-century France, Montesquieu’s ideas have significantly shaped the constitutional frameworks of legal states, advocating for a balanced power distribution to ensure governmental integrity and accountability. This study also examines the unique adaptation of these principles in Vietnam’s socialist governance model, which integrates Montesquieu’s theories with Vietnam’s socio-political ideology. This adaptation illustrates a tailored approach that maintains the core ideals of separation of powers while modifying them to meet local needs and challenges. The paper highlights how Montesquieu’s doctrine, despite its Western origins, is flexibly applied in Vietnam, showcasing the theory’s global relevance and adaptability in varied political landscapes.