Palavras-chave
Anthropocentrism
Meta-anthropology of AI. Machine thinking. Philosophy of AI. Philosophy of mind. Chinese Room-type arguments
AI ethics
Como Citar
Resumo
Os sistemas de inteligência artificial (IA) agora igualam ou superam o desempenho humano em um conjunto crescente de tarefas cognitivas, levando a uma reavaliação de antigas premissas sobre consciência e status moral. Este artigo questiona a oposição entre o antropocentrismo, que trata a agência racional e a fenomenalidade em primeira pessoa como exclusivamente humanas, e o pensamento de máquina, que enquadra a cognição como um processo computacional independente de substrato. Utilizando métodos conceituais, comparativos e críticos e seguindo a triagem e codificação temática no estilo PRISMA, analisamos 89 artigos de periódicos indexados na Scopus e na Web of Science, juntamente com textos canônicos de Descartes, Kant, Turing, Searle e Dennett. Três padrões emergem. Primeiro, os modelos contemporâneos de linguagem ampliada reforçam intuições antropocêntricas ao mimetizar a fenomenalidade. Segundo, os argumentos formais a favor da consciência da máquina recorrem cada vez mais ao processamento preditivo, ao Espaço de Trabalho Global e às explicações de Informação Integrada para desafiar as fronteiras entre espécies por meio de critérios neutros em relação ao substrato. Em terceiro lugar, estruturas éticas híbridas que combinam precaução antropocêntrica com indicadores funcionais orientados para máquinas oferecem o caminho mais coerente para a ciência e a política. Com foco na Ucrânia, um polo de IA em rápido crescimento, mostramos como essa postura híbrida pode orientar estratégias nacionais alinhadas à Lei de IA da UE, respeitando as narrativas locais de dignidade humana e necessidades de segurança. O estudo esclarece lacunas conceituais nos debates atuais e delineia um roteiro filosoficamente fundamentado para uma governança de IA inclusiva e sensível ao risco. Do ponto de vista da metodologia da meta-antropologia da IA, demonstra-se que, no futuro, um ser humano será capaz de se comunicar com a IA não simplesmente como um dispositivo que possui, mas como um sujeito, um outro, que tem sua própria existência e o direito à liberdade.
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