1. Authorship and responsibility
Authorship requires a substantial intellectual contribution to the work, participation in drafting or critical revision, approval of the final version, and responsibility for the article’s content and integrity. Honorary authorship and omission of authors who meet these criteria are prohibited. Funding, general supervision, institutional position or technical assistance alone do not justify authorship. Other contributors must be acknowledged with their agreement. The qualification and identification requirements in the journal’s author guidelines remain applicable.
2. Who may submit
Submission must be made in OJS by an author or coauthor, using their own account and with the agreement of all authors. Submissions by third parties who are not authors are not permitted, even with authorization, including intermediaries and submission services. The submitting author must be included in the author list and identify the author responsible for editorial correspondence. Review will not begin until any submission that fails this requirement has been regularized by an author.
3. Contribution statement
The journal adopts CRediT — Contributor Roles Taxonomy, ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022, to describe actual contributions. The taxonomy complements, but does not replace, authorship criteria.
At submission, provide each author’s full name and the roles they actually performed, including for single-author articles. One person may perform several roles, and a role may be shared. Not all categories need to be used. The submitting author compiles the statement, and all authors must check and agree to the assigned contributions and the article’s final version.
To preserve double-blind peer review, the named contribution statement must be submitted in a separate document accessible to the editorial team and not forwarded to reviewers. After acceptance, it will be included in the final version under “Author contributions”, before acknowledgements and references. Contributions that do not qualify for authorship will be acknowledged separately. AI tools cannot be authors or contributors; their use is governed by the AI/LLM policy.
4. Changes and disputes
Changes to authorship or contribution statements require justification, documented agreement of those involved and editorial approval. Disputes and suspected inappropriate authorship are handled under the ethics and integrity policy. Assignment of a CRediT role does not legitimize authorship without an actual contribution.
5. Example
Maria Silva: conceptualization, investigation and writing — original draft. João Costa: methodology and writing — review and editing. All authors approved the final version and accept responsibility for the work.
6. Effective date
Effective from 13 October 2026 for new submissions. For manuscripts already in progress, the statement will be requested before preparation of the final version. Previously approved or published PDFs/TXT files will not be changed automatically.
Author guidelines · Ethics · Peer review · Copyright and licensing