Palavras-chave
bioethics
genetic interventions
neuroenhancement
ethical dilemmas
regulatory policy
social responsibility
philosophy of science, GMOs
cloning
Como Citar
Resumo
A biotecnologia está a provocar avanços rápidos que oferecem novas perspectivas nos domínios da medicina, da agricultura e da energia, mas também tem levantado várias questões éticas que necessitam de uma regulamentação adequada. Todas estas questões têm um grande potencial de desigualdade social e de controvérsia moral, especialmente as que se prendem com a edição do genoma, a utilização de OGM, a clonagem e o melhoramento genético. O objetivo do estudo é examinar os limites éticos e filosóficos em que se pode justificar a intervenção biotecnológica e formular formas de a regular. A metodologia consiste na análise comparativa de documentos regulamentares, de conceitos éticos e da publicação de ciência relacionada com a biotecnologia. Além disso, inclui uma análise estrutural e lógica da influência da biotecnologia nas normas sociais e morais. Os resultados do estudo indicam a necessidade de uma distinção clara entre a utilização terapêutica e a utilização avançada das biotecnologias, bem como o reforço do controlo institucional e a harmonização das normas internacionais de bioética. A análise concluiu que, sem uma abordagem regulamentar única, existem riscos éticos e sociais relacionados com a disponibilidade da biotecnologia e a questão da autonomia individual e dos riscos associados às consequências a longo prazo da modificação genética. A importância prática do trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de recomendações para a política de regulamentação de uma política reguladora responsável pela utilização das inovações biotecnológicas. A investigação futura deve ser orientada para a avaliação dos efeitos reais da biotecnologia sobre as normas sociais e para a formulação de mecanismos éticos de dissuasão de possíveis ameaças.
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