Palavras-chave
Self-Efficacy
Imagery Skills
Como Citar
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo é examinar a relação entre os níveis de auto-eficácia e as habilidades de imagem dos atletas que recebem treinamento de infraestrutura no handebol. Na temporada 2021-2022, 285 jogadores de handebol selecionados por método aleatório participaram do estudo, participando da infra-estrutura das equipes que competem nas ligas da Federação Turca de Handebol. A plataforma Google Forms foi utilizada para a coleta de dados. Este método tem sido preferido para manter a distância social durante o processo pandêmico. Durante a coleta de dados, as informações sobre o estudo e os questionários foram comunicados aos participantes através de redes sociais. Os voluntários participantes do estudo foram solicitados a preencher o formulário de informações pessoais, a Escala Geral de Auto-Eficácia e o Questionário de Imagens Esportivas. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa foram analisados no ambiente do computador. Número, porcentagem, média± desvio padrão foram usados como métodos estatísticos descritivos na avaliação dos dados. As variáveis foram avaliadas após o controle da normalidade e homogeneidade das variâncias (Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Teste de Levene). A análise de regressão foi aplicada para revelar as relações entre as escalas. Como resultado, foi revelado que os níveis de auto-eficácia dos atletas, as imagens cognitivas e as habilidades motivacionais especiais das imagens têm efeitos similares e significativos em seu desempenho. Pensa-se que esta situação decorre do fato de que os conceitos de auto-eficácia e de imagem, que são vistos como dois conceitos importantes em termos de preservação e melhoria do desempenho do atleta, estão relacionados.
Referências
Adegbesan, O. A. (2010). Analysis of Imagery Use as Predictors of Football Players’ Sport Confidence. Word Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(1), 53-58.
Aldemir, Y. G., Biçer, T., & Kale, E. K. (2014). Futbolcularda İmgeleme Çalışmalarının Problem Çözme Üzerine Etkisi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 37-45.
Aslan, Ş. (2017). Futbolcuların Genel Öz Yeterlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 28-37.
Aypay, A. (2010). Genel öz yeterlik ölçeği’nin (GÖYÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 113-131.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84 (2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (2012). On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited. Journal of Management, 38(1), 9-44.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory; Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control; Freeman: New York, NY, USA.
Bayköse, N. (2014). Sporcularda Kendinle Konuşma ve İmgeleme Düzeyinin Optimal Performans Duygu Durumunu Belirlemedeki Rolü, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans tezi, Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi.
Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., Albinson, J. G. (2002). “Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers”, Journal of Sport Sciences, 20, pp. 697-705.
Besharat, M.A.; Pourbohlool, S. (2011). Moderating Effects of Self-Confidence and Sport Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Competitive Anxiety and Sport Performance. Psychology, 2, 760–765.
Bresciani, G.; Cuevas, M.J.; Garatachea, N.; Molinero, O.; Almar, M.; De Paz, J.A.; Márquez, S.; González-Gallego, J. (2010). Monitoring biological and psychological measures throughout an entire season in male handball players. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 10, 377–384.
Brown, D.J., Fletcher, D. (2017). Effects of psychological and psychosocial interventions on sport performance: A meta-analysis. Sports Med., 47, 77–99.
Byrne, R. M. J. (2007). Précis of The Rational Imagination: How people create Alternatives to Reality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 439-453.
Callow, N. & Hardy, L. (2001). Types of Imagery Associated with Sport Confidence In Netball Players of Varying Skill Levels. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 1-17.
Calmels, C., Berthoumieux, C., d’Arripe-Longueville, F. (2004). “Effects of an imagery training program on selective attention of national softball players”. Sport Psychologist, Human Kinetics, 18(3), 272-296. 10.1123/tsp.18.3.272.
Chang, Y.K.; Ho, L.A.; Lu, F.J.H.; Ou, C.C.; Song, T.F.; Gill, D.L. (2014). Self-talk and softball performance: The role of self-talk nature, motor task characteristics, and self-efficacy in novice softball players. Psychol. Sport Exerc., 15, 139–145.
Çıngı, H. (1994). Örnekleme Kuramı, H.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 346.
Crust, L., & Swann, C. (2011). Comparing two measures of mental toughness. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 217-221.
Dinçer, Ö. (2016). Üniversitelerde spor eğitimi alan öğrencilerin imgeleme yetilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Eğitim Bilim Toplum Dergisi, 14(55), 138-149.
Doğan, E. (2019). Kadın ve Erkek Sporcuların İmgeleme Biçimlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 373-381.
Doğaner, S., Görmüş, M., & Kılıç, M. Ö. (2020). Sporcu Kimliği İle Öz Yeterlik Arasındaki İlişkinin Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 69(1). 1465-1480.
Feltz, DC., Riessinger, CA. (1990). “Effects of in vivo imagery and performance feedback on self-efficacy and muscular endurance”. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, (12):132-143.
Gonzalez, S.P.; Newton, M.; Hannon, J.; Smith, T.W.; Detling, N. (2018). Examining the process of psychological resilience in sport: Performance, Cortisol, and emotional responses to stress and adversity in a field experimental setting. Int. J. Sport Psychol., 49, 112–133.
Hall CR, Mack D, Paivio A, Hausenblas H. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the sport imagery questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 73-89.
Hepler, T.J.; Feltz, D.L. (2012). Take the first heuristic, self-efficacy, and decision-making in sport. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl., 18, 154–161.
Jones, L., Stuth, G. (1997). “The uses of mental imagery in athletics: An overview”. Applied and Preventive Psychology 6, 101-115.
Karasar N. (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara; 52.
Kaya, D. G., & Günay, M. (2020). Güreş Grekoromen Milli Sporcularının İmgeleme ve Başarı Motivasyon Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3), 62-72.
Kızıldağ, E., Tiryaki, M.Ş. (2012). Adaptation of Sports Imagery Questionnaire for Turkish Athletes, Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 23 (1), 13–23.
Kocaekşi, S., Sezer, U., Alp, A. F., & Taşçıoğlu, R. (2020). The examine of imagery and self-efficacy levels of athletes in terms of some variables. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 614-625.
Korkut, K., & Babaoğlan, E. (2012). Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Öz Yeterlik İnançları. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(16), 269-281.
Lane, A.M.; Jones, L.; Stevens, M.J. (2002). Coping with failure: The effects of self-esteem and coping on changes in self-efficacy. J. Sport Behav., 25, 331–345.
Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research. doi:10.1007/s12662-019-00603-3
Massuça, L.M.; Fragoso, I.; Teles, J. (2014). Attributes of top elite team-handball players. J. Strength Cond. Res., 28, 178–186.
Mills, K. D., Munroe, K. J., Hall, C. R. (2001). “The Relationship between imagery and self-efficacy in competitive athletes”, Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20: 1, pp. 33-39.
Moritz, S. E., Hall, C. R., Martin, K. A. & Vadocz, E. (1996). What Are Confident Athletes Imaging? An Examination of Image Content. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 171-179.
Munroe-Chandler, K., Hall, C. & Fishburne, G. (2008). Playing With Confidence: The Relationship Between Imagery Use and Self-Confidence and Self-Efficacy In Youth Soccer Players. Journal of Sport Sciences, 26(14), 1539-1546.
Nergiz, S., Bayköse, N., & Yıldız, M. (2015). Kendinle Konuşma: Modern ve Halk Dansları Yapan Bireylerin Kendileriyle Konuşma Durumları. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9.
Nordin SM, Cumming J. (2005). More than meets the eye: Investigating imagery type, direction, and outcome. The Sport Psychol 19: 1-17.
Ortín-Montero, F.J.; De la Vega, R.; Gosálvez-Botella, J. (2013). Optimism, anxiety-state and self-confidence in young players of handball. An. Psicol., 29, 637–641.
Power, M. K. (1995). Habermas on Law and Democracy: Critical Exchanges: Law’s Reconstruction, Justification, and Application: Habermas and the counterfactual imagination. Cardozo Law Review, 17, 1005-2153
Reigal, R.E.; Delgado-Giralt, J.; López-Cazorla, R.; Hernández-Mendo, (2018). A. Sports psychological profile and competitive state anxiety in triathletes. Rev. Psicol. Deporte, 27, 125–132.
Sarı, İ. (2015). “An Investigation of Imagery, Intrinsic Motivation, Self-efficacy and Performance in Athletes”. Anthropologist, 20(3), 675-688.
Savaş, M., & Yazıcı, M. (2019). Analysis of The Relationship Between the Imagery Skills And Sportive Self-Confidence Levels Of Students Participating In School Sports. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(5), 23-47.
Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-Efficacy: Thought Control of Action; University of Berlin: Berlin, Germany.
Senemoğlu, N. (2010). Gelişim. Öğrenme ve öğretim. Kuramdan Uygulamaya (Development, Learning and instruction: from theory to practice). (16th Edition). Ankara. Pegem Akademi.
Short, S. E. & Short, M. W. (2005). Differences Between High-and Low-Confident Football Players on Imagery Functions: A Consideration of the Athletes’ Perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 17, 197-208.
Short, S., Tenute, A. L. & Feltz, D. (2005). Imagery Use In Sport: Mediational Effects For Efficacy. Journal of Sport Sciences, 23(9), 951-960.
Sklett, V.H.; Lorås, H.; Sigmundsson, H. (2018). Self-efficacy, flow, affect, worry and performance in elite world cup ski jumping. Front. Psychol., 9, 1215.
Turan, M. B., Karaoğlu, B., Kaynak, K., & Pepe O. (2016). Özel Yetenek Sınavlarına Giren Adayların Genel Öz Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 17-26.
Weinberg, R.S., Stockham, J. (2000). The importance of analyzing position specific self-efficacy. J. Sport Behav., 23, 60–69.
Wurgaft, B. A. (2010). The uses of Walter: Walter Benjamin and the Counterfactual Imagination. History and Theory, 49(3), 361-383.
Yılmaz, T., Yiğit, Ş., Dalbudak, İ., & Acar, E. (2020). Investigation of University Students' Self-Efficacy and Sport Specific Success Motivation Levels. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(3) 2115-2126.
Zeldin, A. L., Britner, S. L., Pajares, F. (2008). A comparative study of the self-efficacy beliefs of successful men and women in mathematics, science, and technology careers. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(9), 1036-1058.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Synesis (ISSN 1984-6754)