Resumo
O desaparecimento forçado é analisado como um crime perpetrado pelo Estado e uma grave violação dos direitos humanos nos sistemas jurídicos de Bangladesh, Índia e Austrália. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem conceitual, comparativa e doutrinária para avaliar o tratamento do desaparecimento forçado no âmbito da justiça criminal nessas jurisdições. Apesar de os três países possuírem sistemas jurídicos distintos, nenhum deles reconhece formalmente nem tipifica o desaparecimento forçado como crime em sua legislação penal interna. Esse fenômeno é caracterizado por sua invisibilidade e pela impunidade associada, o que dificulta a apuração de responsabilidade jurídica. O estudo identificou deficiências significativas na medida em que os marcos legislativos domésticos não se alinham a padrões internacionais de direitos humanos, como a Convenção Internacional para a Proteção de Todas as Pessoas contra o Desaparecimento Forçado. Evidencia-se uma falha normativa estrutural nos sistemas jurídicos internos de cada Estado, sendo propostas recomendações de reforma legal harmonizada para adequar o direito doméstico às obrigações jurídicas internacionais. A análise comparativa também identificou tensões persistentes entre a afirmação da autoridade estatal e os deveres do Estado de Direito. Os achados destacam desafios para o fortalecimento de mecanismos de responsabilização e para o aumento da proteção às vítimas de desaparecimento forçado. As conclusões possuem implicações teóricas e práticas relevantes para o aprimoramento dos sistemas de justiça criminal, tanto no plano internacional quanto no doméstico, contribuindo para a iniciativa global de erradicar o desaparecimento forçado e assegurar os direitos humanos.Referências
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