Keywords
Human Rights Law
Armed Conflicts
Armed forces
How to Cite
Abstract
Modern conflict often does not appear to fit nicely into the strict traditional legal concepts of what constitutes international or non-international armed conflict. The statement above represents the changing nature of the conflicts. The traditional sense of conflict between two or more state actors has merged into conflict zones, prolonged violence, war for regional autonomy, war for self-determination, proxy war between two international states and more prominently cross-border terrorism. Due to these situations the role of police forces increases substantially in protection of HRLs and implementation of IHL. For the purpose of implementation of IHL, the paramilitary forces as well as the police forces can be consider as armed force if they engages in hostilities or fulfils the definition of armed forces. Further, According to Andrew Clapham, under international law, the rebels having some effective control are bound by certain international rights and obligations. The objective of the paper is to highlight existing legal standard and suggest further course in regard to the role of Police Forces and Insurgents in Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights in Conflict Situations.
References
References
BIENERT, Anja. Command Responsibility and the Use of Force by the Police. In: ALLEWELDT, Ralf; FICKENSCHER, Guido (ed.). The Police and International Human Rights Law. Springer International Publishing, 2018. p. 61-82.ISBN 978-90-24-73460-3.
CASSESE, Antonio. The Status of Rebels under the 1977 Geneva Protocol on Non-International Armed Conflicts. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly,v. 30, n. 2, p. 416-439, 1981.
CASSESE, Antonio. International Law. 2. ed. OUP Oxford, 2004. 616 p. ISBN 9780199259397.
CLAPHAM, Andrew et al. Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Actors in Conflict Situations. International Review of Red Cross, v. 88, n. 863, p. 491-523, September 2006.
CRAWSHAW, Ralph. Police and Human Rights: Fundamental Questions. In: ALLEWELDT, Ralf; FICKENSCHER, Guido (ed.). The Police and International Human Rights Law. Springer International Publishing, 2018. p. 7-20. ISBN 978-90-24-73460-3.
RIEDEL, Eibe H. Recognition of Insurgency. In: MACALISTER-SMITH, Peter; BERNHARDT, Rudolf (ed.). Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2004. p. 54-6. ISBN 9780444862471.
SANDOZ, Yves et al. Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987. ISBN 978-90-24-73460-3.
SCHMID, Evelyne. Taking Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Seriously in International Criminal Law. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 395 p. ISBN 9781107519107.
WATKIN, Kenneth. 21st Century Conflict and International Humanitarian Law: Status Quo or Change? BETHLEM, N. International Law and Armed Conflict: Exploring the Faultlines. Leiden: Martinus Nihoff, 2007. cap. 10, p. 265-296. ISBN 978-90-04-15428-5.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Lex Humana (ISSN 2175-0947)