Palavras-chave
accessibility of law
legal process
procedural law
judicial system
protection of rights
branches of law
Constitution of Ukraine
Como Citar
Resumo
O artigo apresenta a evolução do conceito de acessibilidade à justiça, incluindo sua correlação com outras doutrinas teóricas. Explora as principais abordagens teóricas para a compreensão do acesso à justiça e da igualdade, realizando uma análise sistemática e interdisciplinar das tendências da profissionalização do processo judicial e sua relação com o acesso à justiça, os litígios e a prevenção da discriminação. O documento também formula propostas para um maior desenvolvimento da legislação processual. Ele fornece previsões sobre a evolução da ciência processual e jurídica como um todo, considerando tanto as tendências de profissionalização quanto a necessidade de garantir acessibilidade e igualdade à justiça no âmbito da Constituição da Ucrânia. A pesquisa é baseada em uma abordagem processual-legal, uma abordagem abrangente para acessibilidade e igualdade de justiça e uma metodologia interdisciplinar para identificar interseções de direito, filosofia e sociologia na área de pesquisa. Determina-se que a acessibilidade à justiça deve ser entendida em dois aspectos. Em primeiro lugar, a acessibilidade à justiça é um elemento do direito à proteção judicial, garantindo a possibilidade de alcançar os objetivos de um julgamento justo. Em segundo lugar, a acessibilidade à justiça refere-se ao conceito teórico geral que abrange garantias organizacionais, institucionais, processuais e outras que possam efetivamente implementar o direito à proteção judicial sem discriminação e violação da igualdade. A pesquisa comprova que a profissionalização dos processos judiciais é uma tendência no desenvolvimento do direito processual. Trata-se de otimizar os recursos profissionais do tribunal, das partes e dos representantes. Na Ucrânia, as manifestações mais aparentes da profissionalização são: a ampliação das obrigações processuais das partes; maiores requisitos de qualificação para representantes; especialização dos tribunais. A acessibilidade da justiça implica a existência de oportunidades reais, não formalmente ilusórias, de defesa legal. A real natureza da tutela jurisdicional é assegurada pela necessidade de regulamentação legislativa racional das questões relacionadas com a obtenção da tutela jurisdicional e pela ausência de restrições desproporcionadas e desnecessárias aos direitos processuais e de discriminação; a necessidade de os interessados em obter proteção judicial cumprirem os requisitos da lei processual. Assegurar o acesso à justiça e o processo legal têm o mesmo objetivo: realizar o direito à proteção judicial por um conjunto ideal de meios legais sem gastos sociais e econômicos desnecessários.
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