Palavras-chave
international principles
standard rules
human rights
penal policy
enforcement of sentences
Como Citar
Resumo
O objetivo do estudo era desenvolver recomendações para melhorar os padrões internacionais para o tratamento de prisioneiros e sua implementação na legislação penal internacional e nacional. Os seguintes métodos foram utilizados na pesquisa: método anamnéstico; Análise descritiva; método de previsão. As Regras Mínimas para o Tratamento de Presos e as Regras Prisionais Europeias são o pano de fundo e o principal ponto de referência para a prossecução de uma política penal centrada no ser humano a nível nacional em cada estado. Eles combinam a justiça da punição e o tratamento humano dos presos, e visam a sua ressocialização e correção dessas pessoas. As principais orientações para melhorar os padrões de tratamento dos presos no sistema penal são: assistência médica, qualidade de vida na prisão, garantia do acesso pleno e oportuno do preso à informação, garantia dos direitos fundamentais dos presos, comunicação com o mundo exterior. As principais direções da política penal nacional são a cooperação no campo da padronização do tratamento de prisioneiros, implementação e aplicação de padrões internacionais nesta área e adaptação da legislação atual de cada estado às regras internacionais para o tratamento de prisioneiros. Estas recomendações fundamentam a proposta de alteração dos atos normativos internacionais e nacionais. A pesquisa abre perspectivas para aprofundamento da busca de uma solução efetiva para aspectos problemáticos nesta área, em especial, garantindo os direitos, liberdades e interesses legítimos dos presos ao máximo possível no contexto das prisões.
Referências
AMERICAN SENIOR COMMUNITIES. (2018). Person-Centeredness: What Is It?. Disponível em: https://www.asccare.com/person-centeredness/#:~:text=There%20seems%20to%20be%20some,his%2Fher%20needs%20and%20preferences.
BARBERET, R.; JACKSON, C. UN Rules for the treatment of women prisoners and non-custodial sanctions for women offenders (the Bangkok rules): A gendered critique. Revista de Sociologia, v. 102, n. 2, p. 215, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2336
BROWN, A.; O’DONNELL, R.; EADIE, D.; PURVES, R.; SWEETING, H.; FORD, A.; BAULD, L.; HUNT, K. Initial views and experiences of vaping in prisons: A qualitative study with people in custody preparing for the imminent implementation of Scotland’s prison smokefree policy. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, v. 23, n. 3, p. 543–549, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa088
CHEUNG, G. Prisoners’ right to medical treatment international law provisions. Lawyers’ Rights Watch Canada, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.lrwc.org/ws/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/LWRC-Right-to-Medical-treatment.19.March_.2019.pdf
CLIQUENNOIS, G.; SNACKEN, S. European and United Nations monitoring of penal and prison policies as a source of an inverted panopticon?. Crime Law Social Change, v. 70, p. 1–18, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9716-0
CONSTANTINESCU, C. Stand up for someone’s rights!” The Nelson Mandela rules. Revista de Asistenţă Socială, v. 1, p. 107-116, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=509185
COUNCIL OF EUROPE PUBLISHING. European Prison Rules, 2006. Disponível em: https://rm.coe.int/european-prison-rules-978-92-871-5982-3/16806ab9ae
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. Guide on case-law of the convention – Prisoners' rights. European Court of Human Rights, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Prisoners_rights_ENG.pdf
COYLE, A.; FAIR, H. A human rights approach to prison management: Handbook for prison staff. (3rd edition). Institute for Criminal Policy Research, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/handbook_3rd_ed_english_v7b_web.pdf
DA COSTA, F.A.; VERSCHUUREN, M.; ANDERSEN, Y.; STÜRUP-TOFT, S.; LOPEZ-ACUÑA, D.; FERREIRA-BORGES, C. The WHO prison health framework: A framework for assessment of prison health system performance. European Journal of Public Health, v. 32, n. 4, p. 565-570, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac020
DEBELJAK, J. The rights of prisoners under the “Victorian charter”: A critical analysis of the jurisprudence on the treatment of prisoners and conditions of detention. The University of New South Wales Law Journal, v. 38, n. 4, p. 1332–1385, 2015. Disponível em: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.654766740428879
GOLO, H. K. (2022). Ghana prison officers’ understanding and practices of international human rights instruments and guidelines that protect the rights of prisoners. The Prison Journal, v. 102, n. 4, p. 439-457, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/00328855221109808
GRUEVSKA DRAKULEVSKI, A. (2017). The Nelson Mandela rules: The revised United Nations standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners – short review. Iustinianus Primus Law Review, v. 1, 2017. Disponível em: https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/iusplr8&div=19&id=&page=
KAMBER, K. Remedies for breaches of prisoners’ rights in the European prison rules. New Journal of European Criminal Law, v. 11, n. 4, p. 467–488, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/2032284420963891
KLEINIG, J. Prisoners' Rights (1st Edition). London: Routledge, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315089461
KNIGHT, V.; VAN DE STEENE, S. (2020). The digital prison: Towards an ethics of technology. In: P. Birch, L. Sicard (Eds.), Prisons and Community Corrections. London: Routledge, (pp. 1-15). 2020. Disponível em: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003010562-5/digital-prison-victoria-knight-steven-van-de-steene
KRUZE, E.; PRIEDE, J. Cost-effectiveness of prison system development – comparison of the European countries. European Integration Studies, v. 14, n. 1, p. 69-79, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=908685
MCCALL-SMITH, K. (2016). United Nations standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners (Nelson Mandela rules). International Legal Materials, v. 55, n. 6, p. 1180-1205, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020782900030898
MIDTLYNG, G. (2022). Safety rules in a Norwegian high-security prison: The impact of social interaction between prisoners and officers. Safety Science, v. 149, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105690
NAYLOR, B. (2015). Researching human rights in prisons. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, v. 4, n. 1, p. 79–95, 2015. Disponível em: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.252234550548705
NAYLOR, B. Human rights and respect in prisons: The prisoners’ perspective. Law in Context, v. 31, p. 84–124, 2014. Disponível em: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.637387864435113
PADFIELD, N. Monitoring prisons in England and Wales: Who ensures the fair treatment of prisoners?. Crime Law and Social Change, v. 70, p. 57-76, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9719-x
PEIRCE, J. Making the Mandela rules: Evidence, expertise, and politics in the development of soft law international prison standards. Queen's Law Journal, v. 43, n. 2, 2018. Disponível em: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3172197
PIPER, M.; FORRESTER, A.; SHAW, J. Prison healthcare services: The need for political courage. The British Journal of Psychiatry, v. 215, n. 4, p. 579-581, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.43
PONT, J.; ENGGIST, S.; STÖVER, H.; WILLIAMS, B.; GREIFINGER, R.; WOLFF, H. Prison health care governance: Guaranteeing clinical independence. American Journal of Public Health, v. 108, p. 472-476, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304248
PRAIS, V. The implementation in Canada of the UN standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners: A practitioner’s perspective. Journal of Human Rights Practice, v. 12, n. 3, p. 730-767, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huab001
PULEO, A.M. (2020). Prison management and human rights (Master's dissertation). L-Universita ta Malta. Disponível em: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/70091
ROUHI E.; DEZAKI L. R.; KARVEH, M. J. Protection of prisoner's human rights in prisons through the guidelines of the Rule of Law. Journal of Politics & Law, v. 10, n. 1, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n1p71
RUBENSTEIN, L.S.; AMON, J.J.; MCLEMORE, M.; EBA, P.; DOLAN, K.; LINES, R.; BEYRER, C. HIV, prisoners, and human rights. The Lancet, v. 388, n. 10050, p. 1202-1214, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30663-8
STÖVER, H., MEROUEH, F., MARCO, A., KEPPLER, K., SAIZ DE LA HOYA, P., LITTLEWOOD, R., WRIGHT, N., NAVA, N., ALAM, F., WALCHER, S., & SOMAINI, L. (2019). Offering HCV treatment to prisoners is an important opportunity: Key principles based on policy and practice assessment in Europe. BMC Public Health, v. 19, n. 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6357-x
TIROCH, K. Modernizing the standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners – A human rights perspective. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, v. 19, n. 1, p. 278-304, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1163/18757413-00190010
TIWARI, A. Human rights Approach to prison management: Issues & Challenges. The Indian Police Journal, v. 9, n. 2, 2013. Disponível em: https://bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/2518253520-April%20June%202013.pdf#page=41
TULKENS, F. The paradoxical relationship between criminal law and human rights. Journal of International Criminal Justice, v. 9, n. 3, p. 577-595, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqr028
UNIVERSAL INSTRUMENT. General Assembly Resolution 45/111. Basic principles for the treatment of prisoners, 1990. Disponível em: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/basic-principles-treatment-prisoners
VAN ZYL SMIT, D. International prison standards and transnational criminal justice. UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law, v. 4, p. 97, 2019. Disponível em: https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucijil/vol4/iss1/7
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Lex Humana (ISSN 2175-0947)