Keywords
Hybrid war
NATO
law
intervention
war
How to Cite
Abstract
Law enforcement necessitates constant conceptual renewal, given the emergence of hybrid threats. The existing legal framework doesn’t grant satisfactory legal leverage in order for public order agents to properly intervene during hybrid conflict. Alternatively, legal remedies are at hand and pre-existing legislation offers enough room for a state-of-the-art approach towards assuring effective policing solutions during war times. The study will also delve into the approach that Romania and the Czech Republic delineated in order to proactively counter hybrid war. In this context, the expert text outlines the aspects that govern state authorities and the threats they face. The present paper discusses the current international situation with the main emphasis on the implementation and combating of hybrid warfare.
References
Andres B. Munoz Mosquera and Sascha Dov Bachmann. “Lawfare in Hybrid Wars: The 21st Century Warfare” Brill Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, no. 7 (2016).
András Rácz. “Russia’s Hybrid War in Ukraine Breaking the Enemy’s Ability to Resist” The Finnish Institute of International Affairs (2015).
Arsalan Bilal. “Hybrid Warfare – New Threats, Complexity, and ‘Trust’ as the Antidote”, NATO Review (2021).
Bettina Renz and Hanna Smith. “Russia and hybrid warfare –going beyond the label, part II”, Kikimora Publications, (2016).
Boas, Gideon, “Public International Law. Contemporary Principles and Perspectives”, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited (2012).
Carl Von Clausewitz. “On War”, Penguin Books (1968).
COHEN, Amichai; ZLOTOGORSKI, David. ”Proportionality in International Humanitarian Law”, Lieber Institute for Law and Land Warfare, Oxford University Press, 2021.
Christopher Faulkner. “Undermining Democracy and Exploiting Clients: The Wagner Group’s Nefarious Activities in Africa”, CTC Sentinel. West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center (2022).
Frank G. Hoffman. “Conflict in the 21st century: The rise of hybrid wars”, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, Arlington Virginia (2007).
Fridman, Ofer. “Russian Hybrid Warfare: Resurgence and Politicization”, Oxford University Press (2018).
Fridman, Ofer, Vitaly Kabernik, and James C. Pearce. “Hybrid Conflicts and Information Warfare: New Labels, Old Politics.” Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., (2019).
Galeotti, Mark. “ ‘Hybrid War’ and ‘Little Green Men’: How It Works and How It Doesn’t”, E-International Relations (2015).
GERLOCH, Aleš, ZOUBEK, Vladimír a HŘEBEJK Jiří. Ústavní systém České republiky. Plzeň: Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš Čeněk, s. r. o., 2013.
GROTIUS, Hugo. ‘The rights of War and Peace’, with an introduction by David J. Hill, M. Walter Dunne Publisher New York & London.
Holmes, Leslie. “Corruption. A Very Short Introduction”, Oxford University Press (2015).
MĂCIUCĂ Marin, TOMA, Gheorghe. ‘The military dimension of security in the conditions of globalisation acceleration’, U.N.Ap. Publishing, Bucharest, 2004.
McInnis, Kathleen J., and Clementine G. Starling. “The Case for a Comprehensive Approach 2.0: How NATO Can Combat Chinese and Russian Political Warfare.”, Atlantic Council (2021).
McLAUGHLIN, Robert, Fundamental Guarantees. ”The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law”, Oxford University Press, 2020.
MOXLEY, Charles J.; BURROUGHS, John; GRANOFF, Jonathan; ”Nuclear Weapons and Compliance with International Humanitarian Law and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty”, FORDHAM INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL , 2011.
M. Kofman and M. Rojansky, ‘A Closer look at Russia’s “Hybrid War’, Kennan Cable, No. 7, (2015).
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. Terminological dictionary of crisis management and national defence.
Nikolsky, Alexey. “ ‘Little, Green and Polite: The Creation of Russian Special Operations Forces’ ”, in Howard and Pukhov (eds), “Brothers Armed: Military Aspects of the Crisis in Ukraine”, East View Press (2014).
Paul, Smith, “On Political War”, Washington, DC: National Defense University Press (1989).
Raychev, Yavor. “Lawfare as a Form of Hybrid War: the case of Bulgaria; an Empirical View”, Romanian Political Science Review (2020).
SPENCER R.C., WILCOX M.H. Agents of biological warfare. Rev Med Microbiol, 1993, nr.4.
Schmid, Johann. ‘Hybrid warfare in Vietnam – How to win a war despite military defeat’. ISPAIM – Monitor Strategic 2–4/2020, B. Nr. 17/02.12.2020/0691, Bucuresti, 23. (Feb 2021).
Stárek L., & Víšek J. (2022). The Social Worker as a Full-fledged Member of a Multidisciplinary Cooperation within the Czech Prison System. Social Welfare: Interdisciplinary Approach, 12, 20-35. https://doi.org/10.15388/SW.2022.12.12
Tor, Bukkvoll. "Russian Special Operations Forces in Crimea and Donbas" Parameters 46, no. 2 (2016). DOI:10.55540/0031-1723.2917.
Víšek, J., Kudrna, J., Bajura, J., Habich, L., Kroupa, P., & Najman, T. (2023). SECURITY THREATS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CHANGES TO THE LEGAL ORDER. Lex Humana (ISSN 2175-0947), 15(3), p. 101–121. Available from: https://seer.ucp.br/seer/index.php/LexHumana/article/view/2565.
Víšek, Jiří, Hrudka, Josef, Krulík, Oldřich and Krulíková, Zuzana. “Some Corruption and Economic Crime Related Terms in the Law Enforcement Environment of the Czech Republic”, published in the 5th European Interdisciplinary Forum 2017: Drivers for Progress in the Global Society (2017).
Wentzell, Tyler D. “Russia’s Green Men: The Strategic Storytellers of Hybrid Warfare”, Canadian Military Journal (2021).
William J. Nemeth. “Future war and Chechnya: a case for hybrid warfare”, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School (2002).
Williamson Murray, Peter R. Mansoor. ‘Hybrid Warfare Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present’, Cambridge University Press, (2012).
Wigell, Mikael, Mikkola, Harri and Juntunen, Tapio. ”Best Practices in the whole-of-society approach in countering hybrid threats”, European Parliament Coordinator: Policy Department for External Relations. Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2021).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Lex Humana (ISSN 2175-0947)